In order to explore a set of relatively objective and scientific river and lake evaluation system to guide practice, taking the construction process of the Jiaogang Lake health evaluation system in Anhui Province as an example, based on the relevant theories and evaluations scoring methods in the "River and Lake Health Evaluation Guidelines（Trial）" newly issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, the health status of Jiaogang Lake in Anhui Province was analyzed. The results showed that the lake status was generally healthy, but there were still some index scores below 60.The river and lake health evaluation system introduced in this paper can directly reflect the health degree of rivers and lakes, and has the value of promotion and reference in the process of similar river and lake health evaluation.