Aiming at the problems existing in the development and utilization of water resources in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province, such as uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space, uneven distribution within a year, large interannual variation, and insufficient engineering regulation ability, the water resources situation was statistically analyzed from four aspects of rainfall, evaporation, water resources and water quality, and the utilization of water resources was investigated and analyzed from the existing water supply of water conservancy projects, the existing water consumption of economy and society and the efficiency of water use, etc., and the supply, demand and water shortage with different guarantee rates were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the water demand is 262.87 million m3 and the available water supply is 346.52 million m3 in 50% normal year, which can meet the water supply needs. In 75% dry year, the water demand is 312.62 million m3, the available water supply is 227.38 million m3, the water shortage is 85.24 million m3, and the water shortage rate is 27.3%. In 95% of the extremely dry year, the water demand is 359.99 million m3, the available water supply is 220.47 million m3, the water shortage caliber is large, the water shortage is 139.5 million m3, and the water shortage rate is 38.8%. Measures such as increasing the water supply level of existing water source projects by increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, implementing the joint dispatching of reservoirs and stations in the networking project of reservoirs and stations, building a water-saving society, and strengthening water pollution control can effectively reduce the water shortage and alleviate the contradiction of water shortage on the premise of improving the guarantee rate.